Dark Web 3.0: Decentralized Networks and the New Digital Underground
The first version of the dark web was a byproduct of the early internet’s anonymity tools, such as Tor (The Onion Router), Freenet, and I2P (Invisible Internet Project). These platforms provided users with encrypted communication channels and hidden services, initially designed to protect activists, journalists, and researchers in oppressive regimes. Over time, however, they also…